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Electromagnetism

Loudspeaker.

The loudspeaker uses a coil
which can slide backwards and forwards over the central pole
of a circular permanent magnet.
The coil is joined by the brown bars to a paper cone, shown below.

Loudspeaker

The wire from the amplifier carries an alternating current
which makes the coil (and the paper cone) move backwards and forwards
at the same frequency as the changing current.
The paper cone then moves the air backwards and forwards
which creates the sound.

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